Engels and Mearns Account of The Industrial culture in Britain †History Essay

Engels and Mearns Account of The Industrial culture in Britain – History Essay Free Online Research Papers Engel’s and Mearn’s Account of The Industrial culture in Britain History Essay In the year eighteen eighty-three amidst the turbulent late Victorian years termed as â€Å"The great depression† there rose a particular article of literature by the Reverend Andrew Mearns, entitled; â€Å"The Bitter Cry of Outcast London: An Inquiry into the Condition of the Abject Poor (October 1883). This pamphlet was published on behalf of the church in an attempt to highlight the plight of the neglected masses who were those living in England’s very worst urban slum districts. The article was absorbed by a middle class readership who would have on the whole never have known about or concerned themselves with the predicament of their socially inadequate neighbour. The culture was such in England at the time that Mearns had to shock the socially censored Victorian middle classes into wanting to extend the hand of Christian charity to those who lived in as he described it, â€Å"the great dark region of poverty, misery, and immorality†. The form and content of the report that was given had to be chosen correctly with a view to informing but also to arouse a kind of morbid curiosity in the reader. The literary strategies that Mearns employs within his writing are a key element in doing so. When reading Mearns article today as an independent piece of literature it is of vital importance to take into consideration what values and ideals would have been held up by the very people whom he was aiming his work to be read by. Late Victorian society (especially the middle class) prioritised the home as a place of cleanliness, high moral standards and as a basis to any â€Å"proper† family. However what Mearns is evoking in his article as a representation of home life to the working classes is about as far in opposition to the traditional ideal as you can get. This would have been shocking but at the same time strangely compelling to a contemporary audience. This is largely due to the type of language displayed in the article. He opens his enquiry with the statement; â€Å"There is no more hopeful sign in the Christian Church of today than the increased attention which is being given by it to the poor and outcast classes of society†. It is perhaps interesting to note that Mearns does not begin here with a condemnation or an attempt at apportioning blame for the situation of the poor instead he takes the strategy of highlighting one of the few hopeful aspects of this situation. This opening sentence sets the tone for the first few lines of the first paragraph it is a gentle description of previous work done Christian organisations, thus serving to put the Victorian readership at their ease after all no blame has been heaped at their door. Nevertheless the last lines of this introductory paragraph have a somewhat different agenda, the tone changes and the readers are reminded of the â€Å" vast mass of moral corruption, of heart-breaking misery and absolute godlessness† that awaits them should they read on. It is here that Mearns uses a strategy of creating a mixture between revulsion and curiosity in his readership so that they will read on and he will achieve his ultimate purpose of bringing the plight of the destitute to the privil eged and comfortable of society. Although religion was an important force within Victorian life it was at the same time a religion that people chose selectively from. If it meant dressing in your finest clothes attending church and preventing your child from playing imaginary games on the Sabbath day then on the whole it was a religion that people wanted to embrace in their lives. However what Reverend Andrew Mearns was keen to access was the type of Christian attitude that would make those with any kind of religious conviction open their eyes to what was concealed as the misery of the working classes â€Å"by the thinnest crust of civilisation and decency†. It is exactly this â€Å"Thin Crust† that Mearns attempts to destroy in his article. It has been documented that the privileged classes of society were so far removed from the problems of the industrial class that they were living virtually next to the slums in some areas such as London’s Belgravia and yet had no clue that these courts of death and disease existed anywhere near them. It is in this way that Mearns employs his literary strategies in order to lead his readership into the exploration and a greater realisation of the grimmest areas of London. Mearns does however set out â€Å"two cautions† when introducing his findings the first caution states that, â€Å" the information given does not refer to selected cases† indeed this can be seen as more of a compounding of Mearns case rather than a warning for the unsuspecting reader. Although in general the article does not have the tone of a sermon about it there are elements utilised which would indica te that Mearns is preaching this can be particularly noted when he emphasises â€Å"THIS TERRIBLE FLOOD OF SIN AND MISERY IS GAINING UPON US. It is rising every day.† Thus reminding the reader that they are about to embark upon a kind of crusade against the sins of poverty itself by joining the Reverend in his compassion for the poor. This would also aid the reader in a feeling of worthiness and a justification of reading this type of literature to begin with. It is an irony of the piece that in Mearns preliminary â€Å"caution† he is keen to point out that his article, â€Å" is a plain recital of plain facts†. The irony derives from the fact that it is simply not just a stating of the facts and indeed much of the report is taken up with a deeply emotive humanistic element. This human element would have been well received by a Victorian readership due to the fact that although it may have been hard to relate to statistics it was more plausible to think about the situation in terms of people and compare it to their own lives. Within his report Mearns states that the places that the industrial class resides should not be called â€Å" homes† because he does not see it fitting that, â€Å" those places be called homes†. Within this one simple statement Mearns is attempting to evoke a sense of unity to his readership. It is likely that whatever religious denomination or beliefs held it is probable that his Victorian reader would have a deeply ingrained sense of the home, a home that to them would offer protection and would be a cause of much pride. Not the type of non-home dwelling which Mearns describes as â€Å" pestilential human rookeries†. The furniture within these homes is dismissed as nothing more than, â€Å"rubbish and rags†. This is a deep contradiction to the mental picture conjured of a typical Victorian home. The image was very much more prevalent in late Victorian decades of â€Å"The all embracing Mother bustling over a nest of piety, warmth, cleanliness and comfo rt†1. For the section of the working class that Mearns documents this ideal was simply unobtainable. By forcing the readers to examine their own surroundings of comparative luxury Mearns is encouraging empathy through his literary strategy. It is not only the traditional Victorian home that the reader is forced to re-examine it is also the placing of the roles within that home which Mearns represents in a sometimes shockingly frank subversion of the norm. Even by today’s standards of less rigorous moral structure Mearns findings of â€Å"immorality† would be somewhat disturbing. Therefore by the strict moral code of the Victorian era the supposed â€Å"depravity† described would have been particularly dreadful. However once again Mearns has utilised his literary skills to ensnare rather than repel the reader. He does so by keeping his report on the precipice of decency he errs on the side of caution when referring to immorality and sin. Preferring to prepare for what is in store. He also deems some material too shocking to relate to the reader to ensure that â€Å"the eyes and ears† of the readers do not become â€Å"insufferably outraged†. This has a dual purpose, firstly it reminds t he reader that the author is a member of the clergy and is consequently interested in moral respectability and â€Å"common decency†, and secondly it deals once again with the curiosity aspect of the piece it keeps the reader interested as to know what is so awful that it cannot even be included in this most frank of accounts. The role of the Mother is a theme that appears to run throughout Mearns report. The Victorian Mother in her conventional setting is that of keeper of home and carer for her helpless young, she is represented in much literature of the period as a figure of loyalty to the â€Å"Traditional English husband†2. Though Mearns representation is somewhat different although for him it is not a matter of â€Å"Maternal ignorance†3, he does cite â€Å"The dismal reality of poor health, poor nutrition and inadequate family income†4 as reasoning behind the cases of terrible neglect that he documents. Some of the most graphic and deplorable situations stressed are to do with the Mother and child relationship. The horrible reality of the â€Å"poor widow, her three children and a child who had been dead thirteen days† and â€Å"her husband, who was a cabman who had shortly before committed suicide†. Mearns describes them as â€Å"miserable beings†, although it is particularly interesting to note that Mearns does not attempt to brutalise these people even if he does so to their surroundings. He instead chooses what he believes to be a poignant case of the woman who was â€Å"dying from dropsy, scarcely able to breathe and enduring untold agony, but to the very last striving to keep her little ones clean and tidy.† This draws to the attention of the readership that despite their appalling surroundings a base quality of human goodness and godliness prevails. One of the most emotive issues that Mearns tackles is that of the squalor, neglect and overwork that the children of the industrial class had to suffer. Mearns deals with this in terms of his literary strategy by using the means of direct quote. By taking the words straight out of the mouths of the children on to the paper Mearns is bringing to his report a certain raw quality that cannot be captured in any other way in print. The case of the twelve year old girl whom when asked the question â€Å"Who looks after you?† is only able to reply, â€Å"I look after my little brothers and sisters as well as I can† is one that will resound in the memory of a Christian as to its pure selflessness Research Papers on Engel’s and Mearn’s Account of The Industrial culture in Britain - History EssayEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPETSTEL analysis of IndiaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andQuebec and CanadaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductMind TravelBringing Democracy to AfricaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Single Parenting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Single Parenting - Essay Example Parenthood has now taken a sharp turn and cases of children being brought up in single families have increased significantly. This has been as a result of divorce cases or children born out of wedlock. In other cases children are born by parents who are just cohabitating and are not legally married. Such children face a lot of challenges both at family level and society level. Such children are usually considered by societies to be illegitimate and thus highly condemnable. These children are therefore born with illegitimacy stigma and are therefore faced by several problems and negative altitudes. Thus, the school counselors should consider such children as a special group when dealing with them so that they can better address their problems (Katz, Dunham & Zimmerman, 1997). Research has revealed that there is a relationship between the changing family structures and children in respect to examination performance, the research shows that children who are brought up by both parents perform better are more resistant to peer pressure influence whereas students from single families... They also have a higher rate of dropping out of school as compared to those children brought up in a family structure consisting of both parents; they also have greater psychological and social problems. Variation of deviant behavior among the children from single families depends on what caused the single family structure. Studies have shown that those as a result of divorce are more likely to be more deviant as compared to the children raised in single families where one of the parents may have died or born of single mothers. The worst case of deviant behavior is when a child is raised by either a step mother or a step father who mistreat them in their early development stages. Such children develop very negative altitudes in life which often accompany them throughout their lives. While dealing with such children, the school teachers and counselors should consider their plight, so as to be able to assist them in an attempt to prevent them from engaging in deviant behavior (Shih, 20 08). Single parents are faced with numerous problems in raising their children, they sped a lot of energy and time in practicing parenting and yet their results usually have numerous shortcomings. With out help from the other spouse and society single parents try to raise their children effectively. However, monitoring discipline among their children is quite difficult since the burden is laid on one person who is also expected to provide for the entire family with all their needs. The children can therefore take advantage of their parents and engage in practices that are considered to be defiant. It might not be possible for the parent to monitor each child closely and therefore the children who have a propensity of misbehaving have an opportunity to do

Implenting Lean Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Implenting Lean - Case Study Example (Womack and Jones, 1996). USA was the first country where the concept of "Lean" has been adopted in service or non-manufacturing concerns. (Womack and Jones, 1996). The advantages and benefits are now known and accepted by almost all top managers. However, there is still a bit of a hesitation in implementing "Lean" in service and non-manufacturing organizations. The reason is not that they do not want to implement the change but rather because they are unaware of the process involved. This paper seeks to describe the modalities and implications of implementing "Lean" in service and non-manufacturing organizations with a reference to the concept of Kaizen as a Continuous Improvement (CI) agent. Simply stated, Lean thinking is about achieving more with less. It is not about 'sweating the assets' but about carefully analyzing how best to achieve a given result with the purpose of utilizing resources to their best advantage. In broad terms Lean is usually defined as elimination of waste and things that do not add any value as defined by the customer. It is also pertinent to note at this stage that "Lean" principles are alternatively known by a number of synonyms e.g. Lean Manufacturing, Lean Production, Toyota Production System, etc. But whatever the name given to the process, this definition holds well. Advantages of Lean in Service Organizations Lean is not just a concept to be implemented at various tiers; it is also a commitment at all levels that can bring about dynamic and far-reaching changes in the very culture of an organization. Its advantages are more pronounced and identifiable in manufacturing concerns but service and non-manufacturing organizations can also reap the same benefits. Some of the advantages of implementing Lean in service environment are as follows:- It can not only improve the standard of services but also increase the competitiveness of the people involved. It can resolve severe organizational problems by uniting the change efforts

My motivation Essay Example for Free

My motivation Essay My motivation to attend a Historically Black College or University has a lot to do with black history but not for the most common reasons. For me to be able to properly express my sentiments in making this selection, I would like to begin by speaking of my experience as a black woman and the experience of being black in America. This, I feel, is the only way that I can clearly explain my decision to attend a Historically Black College or University. In the very beginning of this nations history, Americans were under the power of Englands monarchy. The Americans were able to overthrow the shackles of bondage and created a Constitution that declares its steadfast belief in the ideals of freedom, equality and the pursuit of happiness. But immediately after the Declaration of Independence and even after the Constitution was signed and accepted by leaders of the new government, not every American citizen is treated fairly. This led to the development of several plans that were aimed at making things equal. Among which, affirmative action was praised and pilloried as the answer to racial inequality. First introduced by President Kennedy in 1961, â€Å"Affirmative action† was designed as a method of reducing the discrimination that had remained despite the civil rights laws and constitutional guarantees. It was a method that was put in place as a â€Å"Temporary Measure to Level the Playing Field† through the offering of the same opportunities to all Americans. While the â€Å"Affirmative Action† plan was intended to have good effects, it resulted in exposing the flaws in the system as â€Å"Reverse Racism† began to emerge and the â€Å"Bakke† case came about where a white male was rejected two years in a row in favor of admitting other minorities through a quota system. This â€Å"Reverse Racism† and other flaws led to a mounting anger against â€Å"Affirmative Action† and soon it became a Zero Sum Game as jobs and opportunities became open to minorities but not to whites. During this period, Preferential treatment and quotas became expressions of contempt. This is where my drive to apply at this Historically Black College or University comes from because I am a firm believer in the progress that has been made to address this situation. The recent victory of Barack Obama in the United States Presidential Election of 2008 is one of the biggest issues among many other big events that have occurred in America this year. This year’s election was even more controversial because of the racial issue, which they barely, if at all, had in previous elections. During the course of the campaigns, other candidates may have mentioned the racial difficulties in their speech or public pledge, but no candidate ever represented him-self as a minority. The United States, I am proud to admit, has begun the long process of change. The idea of having a Black President was unthinkable and unimaginable ten years ago. Yet, it must be pointed out that it was only achievable because America is blended by multi-ethnicity, which means America is like a melting pot, where all different races and cultures are mixed in one particular land, often called â€Å"a country of immigrants†. Many other countries aside from than the United States were and still likely to deny minorities as their presidents. This recent success is a clear sign that Obama’s successful run for president has broken through the ‘last racial barrier’. America no longer has to be rudely awakened by the Civil Rights Movement to realize that there is still much work to be done with regards to racism in this country. When Martin Luther King, Jr. died, the nation was ready for a major change. Ending segregation in the South and improving the status of the Negro race is now the correct thing to do. The victory of Barack Obama sends a message of change that resounds with all the voters; it speaks of change and opportunity for all those who had none and all those who have none. It is this same message of change that has prompted me to embrace my country for taking steps in initiating this change. These Historically Black Colleges and Universities have been trying to change this trend since their inception and I feel that it is my duty to be a part of that proud history and continue the message of change by pushing back the barriers. As the United States continues to grow in population size, the impact that the minorities have on the future of America will no longer be a minor one, to say the least. Without any effective action, these minorities will not be able to take advantage of the opportunities that America has to offer. Affirmative action was supposed to be the future of a great America. An America as envisioned by the forefathers who declared that no person shall be denied the right to life, liberty or property just on the basis of the color of his skin. Any effective action, such as taking an active role by applying to Historically Black Colleges and Universities, with regard to improving society should not be about segregating people or creating a different class. It should instead focus on creating opportunities for those who have none and building relationships that will ensure that America can remains as the great country that it has been and is for ages to come. It is said that the future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. I am one of those individuals who firmly believe in my dreams and am not afraid to work hard to attain them. I know that I have a long road to travel but I am neither daunted nor intimidated by this because I know that I can succeed. I am also confident in the fact that with the experiences that I can gain from this university there is so much more that I can accomplish in life and I look forward to the day that this dream becomes a reality.

An Explication of The Garden of Love :: Garden of Love Essays

An Explication of The Garden of Love      Ã‚  Ã‚   My original interpretation of "The Garden of Love" encompassed the speaker as a person who was scared to move on in their life and in love. I thought (he) was afraid of failure, afraid of losing childhood innocence in the wake of adulthood decisions and expectations. I funneled my theory into a neat little package that contained the Chapel as a symbol for marriage (or adult themes), and the Garden to stand for his life, or thoughts. I further belabored my opinion and interpretation.    After long deliberation with the writings of Blake 'experts,' I have conceded to concur with their interpretations of "The Garden of Love," and therefore: According to Ostriker, Blake "celebrates sexuality and attacks repression" (156). I agree that his attack on repression is apparent in this poem, in that Blake seems to want the speaker, and the readers, to take a chance on life, love, or sex. Whatever the convention of each individual, Blake wants us to not be afraid to go against the conventional. Yet the speaker in "The Garden of Love" is constrained to move forward with his own decisions, probably restricted by the strict conventions of the Church. The priests follow suit as a reminder of 'conventional holiness.'    Blake has often ridiculed the Church, and it seems as though he uses "The Garden of Love" to display the affects of the Church's manipulation on youth. Regarding the two youngsters kneeled behind the priest, Kauvar explains, "The bowed figures reveal the presence of Urizenic (def. Reason - mine) repression and morality, for instead of embracing, the youths kneel submissively behind the priest" (60). As I grasped in my first response to this poem, Blake's 'Garden' represents new growth and childhood innocence. Kauvar continues that thought with the opposite side, "but in Experience he sees nature dying and the graveyard supplanting the garden" (60).    It seems to me that Blake was highly disturbed with the manipulating effects placed on the public by the Church. I think he believed the public was mislead by the Church and its expectations, and further, believed their lives were governed as such. Pagliaro continues with the mention of, ".

Fashion Icon & Fashion Leader Essay

Abstract No one could have a accurate and comprehensive definition of the two terms â€Å"fashion icon† & â€Å"fashion leader† in the past decade while these two new words appear frequently in the fashion world today. However, it seems that these have their own significance and concept in two different cultural perspectives. The propose of this research is to answer the question what does the â€Å"fashion icon† & â€Å"fashion leader† mean respectively in U.K. and China and what causes the difference understanding of it, which may influence the development of the fashion world in the future. Literature research, personal interviews and internet surveys are the methods that I used to explore this study which could get in-depth, comprehensive, professional and the newest information. In addition, what I found out from this study research is to the different culture leading to the difference structure of the society. And having a different form of the society, the rules of the life, the things the public pursue, the place people is looking forward to,the lifestyle the mass being willing to enjoy is not the same. This is a big topic to discuss, but we can start from the small point. Let’s go back to the fashion world to talk about the different concept of the two terms, â€Å"fashion icon† & â€Å"fashion leader†. introduction A big wave of new word have been appeared these years to describe the new things invented with the development of the modern fashion world; e.g. chic, buyer, disco, stylist†¦The term â€Å"fashion icon † is thrown around too much these days. It is obvious that â€Å"fashion icon† is the most popular term which will be mentioned in today’s fashion world. However, the meaning of the new term is different in eastern and western culture. What cause the phenomenon and what difference meaning included with the similar word â€Å"fashion leader†is the key point of the research to explore. The definition of fashion is quite complexed which is the value or life style in a period. It is proposed by some small sort of people. And then the public respected and followed. The range of fashion is very wide, including making-up, clothing, dressing, behavior, sense of identifying, feeling and even thoughts. Not  every one can follow a correct direction of popularity for fashion. Fashion could be in a limited scope instead of in a very large scale. Majority have a difficulty about fashion which leads them to follow some pioneers . At this time these person and organization shows their importance to the mass. Having an essence of fashion reflects their own tastes which makes â€Å"fashion icons† &†fashion leaders† become some popular these days. To analysis the complexities of the adaption curve into account from two different culture is an essential problem. PROBLEM STATEMENT/ Research Question: †¢ What is â€Å"fashion icon† in UK? What is â€Å"fashion leader† in UK? What is the relationship between â€Å"fashion icon† and â€Å"fashion leader†? †¢ What is â€Å"fashion icon† in China? What is â€Å"fashion leader† in China? What is the relationship between â€Å"fashion icon† and â€Å"fashion leader†? †¢ It is obvious that it have different definition of â€Å"fashion icon† & â€Å"fashion leader† in UK and China. What factors influenced it? †¢ Will it cause the development of the fashion world in the future? †¢ What other aspects could be related with the difference? Research Objectives and Aims: 1. Aim: To investigate the factors that leads to the difference description of the two new terms in fashion. 2. Objective: †¢ The information will be extracted from some well-known fashion insiders’ opinions which have been reported to the public. †¢ Questionnaire will be distributed to various types of people, then to collect and count the result of the responses. †¢ To analysis the consequence of all the information of both British fashion area and Chinese fashion area, distinguish the main factor of it. Literature Review International aim is fast becoming one of the most popular entry mode strategies for international retail companies when moving into international markets (Burt, 1993; Quinn and Doherty, 2000; Quinn and Alexander, 2002). Though initially slow to respond to this practical phenomenon occurring in the international retailing domain, the academic community has also been gradually turning its attention to the nature of international franchising,  in the context of retailer internationalisation (Whitehead, 1991; Sparks, 1995; Quinn, 1998; Doherty and Quinn, 1999; Quinn and Doherty, 2000; Quinn and Alexander, 2002). This review will give a brief conception of the â€Å"fashion icon† & â€Å"fashion leader† in UK and China separately. Followed by analyzing the factors effect on the phenomenon, to have a further discussion on if it will cause the development of the fashion world in the future and the other relative areas. In 1980, Chinese professor MINYI HU, who is a professor of the DONGHUA University which university is famous for its fashion and art college in Shanghai, suggested the opinion that a fashion icon is a famous person who dresses in trendy and stylish fashions that catches the attention of people throughout the world. (MINYI HU, 1989) The innate character of fashion is changeable and various. â€Å"In act of making fashion choices, a person is animating (making alive, acting, performing) her or his body bu imposing on it a social veneer that permits it to perform in specific desired ways and to be interpreted in the intended manner by others.† (Jennifer Craik, 2009) Which means that if a person want to show her or his individual taste about fashion, she or he can show it through dressing certain style of clothes to present. In addition, HU gave her definition to the term â€Å"fashion leader†. A fashion leader refers to an individual or corporation that is taken as a trend setter in the fashion industry. Usually, such an organization or products by such individuals attract high revenues and admiration from other industry players. (MINYI HU, 1989) According to HU’s theory, fashion icon seems to be person who is well-known by the public for his/her wearing, even he/she can be seen to be a idol following the fans who want to copy his/her style while fashion leader is a more professional position in the fashion field to analysis the fashion trends will be on. â€Å"I think that the part that’s holding people back now is that they basically only go to the shows. There’s very few of these street blogs that go back to their city, wherever that is, and shoot. People just get very obsessed with getting a picture of those known names, as opposed to really speaking from the heart and shooting from the heart.† (Scott Schuman, 2012) However, the famous fashion photographers Scott Schuman considers that the person who can leads to fashion is not just on the run-way and the front stages. The true stylist may live in our life instead of just fitting in the fashion shows. Contrasted with the definition  given by Chinese fashion researchers, the understanding of the new term â€Å"fashion icon† have a different explaining by British investigators. The famous model Twiggy is be definition of the 1960’s fashion icon. The report set Twiggy as an oppressive icon is consistent with many popular press analyses that render the Twiggy phenomenon as a culturally important manifestation of the ‘‘ideology of thinness’’.(Craig& Diana, 1997) From then on ,the word â€Å"fashion Icon† has appeared. According to the newest list of the top 100 fashion icon in the world which supported by TIME (2012), fashion icon contains many varieties of fields, such as designers & brands (Giorgio A rmani, Hubert de Givenchy, Vivienne Westwood), models(Twiggy, Kate Moss, Naomi Campbell), muses(Madonna, David Bowie, Princess Diana), photographers(Richard Avedon, Guy Bourdin, Steven Meisel), editors & stylists(Isabella Blow, Grace Coddington, Patricia Field), style & design. A big amount of them come from UK, which illustrates that fashion icon is not just a conception of a certain person who has a good and unique taste of dressing anymore. Fashion leaders can be defined as those who are more interested in fashion than other consumers in the market, who are more confident of their own taste, who are the first to purchase new styles and, above all, who influence other consumers to adopt and buy new fashion items.(Greenberg et al., 1982; Kaiser, 1990; Polegato and Wall, 1980; Schrank and Guilmore, 1973) Although it fashion leader has been followed in a quite high stage. However, it original aims for the media spread the image of fashion leader is various. For instance, during the 1960s and 1970s, marketers were interested in increasing their knowledge about fashion leaders in order to develop marketing strategies that could attract these consumers. The underlying assumption was that if fashion leaders bought the product, other consumers would probably follow (Kaiser, 1990). Each style affects its carrier’s ability to deal effectively with the alternate kind of group process requirements. A distinction is drawn between culture conflict and related notions of deprivation and culture difference. (Rosalie, 2009) What Rosalie said seems to explain the reason why people will have a different understanding of the two words about fashion. METHODOLGY AND FEASIBILITY Methodology For this research, I used qualitative and quantitive design by doing literature survey, delivering questionnaire online for the internet surveys and interviewing some friends and the some neighbour for the personal interviews. These are all the methods that I have used to exposes this problem, which could get in-depth, comprehensive, professional and the newest information.in a qualitative way. The essay is intend to develop the difference between two new terms about fashion. A qualitative design may not be able to solve all the questions, instead a method mixed with qualitative and quantitive is appropriate for getting an achievement of this research. To examine the data from all kinds of aspects may contribute to obtaining more reliable information. It was also focused on attitudes collecting from research participants and through the research design, a full-ways understanding about the two words themselves can help the researcher more easily to gain the data and make a results of factors may influence different regions of understanding the same terms. What’s more, a limited time is a other difficulty for these research, but it also a challenge . Method & Feasibility Administering questionnaires, personal interviews and internet surveys were the ways for this study. The reasons why using mixed method presented have 3 points. Point 1, it was suitable for researcher’s objectives and could collect a big amount of information from different kind of volunteers in a high efficiency way. Point 2, interviews is a quite distance and fast method way to get information. And can get the feeling of the interviewee face to face. Some are afraid of interview because of feeling under pressure in a one-to-one setting. As a result, point 3 , the internet surveys is better way to involved the embarrassing situation. And combination of all three methods, I consider it is the most appropriate ways to different kinds of people. The sample size was 50 in questionnaire. 17 of them chose to fill in the questionnaireï ¼Å'6 of them chose have a personal interview, and the others prefer have an internet surveys for the research.all the questionnaires were delivered to the volunteers on 12th December and  completed on the 19th in the same month. And it is be left enough time for the volunteer to finish the questionnaire with a no pressure environment. Personal interview is a private situation. Paying attention with protecting the personal information when doing a interview is the key to this methods. Give the enough trust to the interviewees. The result will too good to expect. Internet survey is the same questionnaire with the first method. Privacy protection was still the most difficulty that many voluntee wasn’t willling to fill the real information to de questionnaire. Most of them have a high self protection, which may lead to the information got is not so accurate. To solve this issue, any information was anonymously collected, but protecting privacy remained in a secret box. In other words, it was necessary for the researcher to explain the content carefully or interpret content appropriately when research participants asked questions about the questionnaire. Furthermore, it was appropriate to provide a written introduction to the topic for participants about the questionnaire, which may have helped them understand easily and be willing to fill questionnaires out. Finally, avoiding harm is also important, which means that researchers should not ask any sensitive questions or personal questions which might cause harm to research participants. A survey illustrate the main factors about the people’s knowledge about the fashion icon and fashion leaders. 35% people said they know nothing about what fashion icon is ,15% people have a highly awareness about fashion icon but have no idea about fashion leaders, 27% people think even they know just one or two fashion icon , they won’t pay more attention on it, the rest percentage of the person have an interest in fashion and want to know more information about it. Most person show great interest in fashion is female and no matter the Asian girls or the European girls. But the fashion icon these two different regions girls focus on is different. A result can be get is that people always accept the fashion icon in their own culture more easily. LIST OF references Craig, J. T.& Diana L. H. 1997. Journal of Consumer Research. Speaking of Fashion: Consumers’ Uses of Fashion Discourses and the Appropriation of Countervailing Cultural Meanings.Vol. 24, No. 1 (June 1997), pp. 15-42 Greenberg, B.A., Lumpkin, J. R. and Bruner, G.C. 1982. Opinion leadership and innovativeness in fashion diffusion, American Institute of Decision Sciences Proceedings, pp. 240-42. Jennifer, C. 2009. Fashion . Rhe key concepts , pp. 02 – 03. Kaiser, S.B. 1990. The social psychology of apparel 2nd ed. Macmillan, New York, NY. Kerry, P. 2012. Harper’s BAZAAR. Interview – The Sartorialist New Book Closer. http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-articles/scott-schuman-sartorialist-interview#slide-1 Minyi, H. 1989. Modern Fashion in The Last Decade. New coming words , Vol.6 pp. 88 – 89. pp. 90-91 Rosalie, A. C. 1969. American Anthropologist. Conceptual Styles, Culture Conflict, and Nonverbal Tests of Intelligence, Vol. 71 No. 5, pp. 828 – 856. TIME. 2012. List, ALL-TIME 100 Fashion Icons.http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,2110513,00.html

The Influence of Platos Theories on Chrisianity - 1169 Words

On the surface, pagan culture and Christianity would appear to have very little in common. Traditionally, the Hellenistic pagan cultures worshipped multiple deities; the central of which were the twelve Olympians of the Greek Pantheon. Lesser divine beings and demi-humans also played a significant role in the Hellenistic culture. The worship of these deities was the mainstream of religion during the Hellenistic period until the rise of the great philosophers. Amongst these philosophers, Plato emerged as one of the founding fathers of Western philosophy. Living from roughly 428 BCE until 348 BCE, Plato’s theories predated Christianity by at least four centuries. Because of this, it can be assumed that early Christian worshippers used†¦show more content†¦Immediately upon the death of the body, the soul departs to the transcendent world and freed from the â€Å"the error and folly of men, their fears and wild passions and all other human ills, and for ever dwells, as t hey say of the initiated, in company with the gods.† For the souls who were not pure and corrupted by human life, Platonic theory asserts that they must first be cleansed before being permitted to dwell in the transcendent world. Plato states that these souls are doomed to wander the earth and are imprisoned in another body in order to free themselves from the vices of the physical world and once this is accomplished they are then permitted to rejoin the gods in the transcendent realm. All good deeds are rewarded while the wicked are punished. Platonic Influence on Christianity First and foremost, the Platonic influence on the Christian God must be discussed. According to the Christian Theology, God is the perfect being who is essentially the personification of intelligence, power, grace, goodness, freedom, and love. God is the source of all goodness in the world. In Colossians 1:16, this idea of greatness and power is reiterated. It is written that, â€Å"For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities – all things were created